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Italian Benghazi (called ''Bengasi italiana'' in Italian) was the name used during the Italian colonization of Libya for the port-city of Benghazi in Italian Cyrenaica. ==History== On October 19, 1911 the Ottoman city of Benghazi was occupied by the Italians during the Italo-Turkish War.〔( Occupation of Benghazi by the Italian troops (p. 79-95) )〕 Even if Benghazi city accepted the Italians and some members (mainly Jews) of the local community collaborated with the Italian government, in the interior nearly half the local population of Cyrenaica under the leadership of Omar Mukhtar resisted the Italian occupation. Many local Arabs -under the Senussi leadership- suffered oppression, particularly from the fascist dictator Mussolini in the late 1920s. In the early 1930s, the revolt was over and the Italians—under governor Italo Balbo—started attempts to assimilate the local population with pacifying policies: a number of new villages for local Cyrenaicans were created with health services and schools. Additionally Cyrenaica was populated by more than 20,000 Italian colonists in the late 1930s, mainly around the coast of Benghazi. Benghazi population was made up of more than 35 per cent of Italians in 1939.〔("Photos of Italian Benghazi and Memories of an Italian born there" (in Italian) )〕 In 1941 Italian Benghazi -according to estimates of the Italian government〔Istituto Agricolo Coloniale (Firenze).Ministero degli Esteri, 1946〕- reached a temporary population of nearly 80,000 inhabitants, due to the arrival of many Italians from Cyrenaica who took refuge from the British army attacks during WWII. As a consequence Benghazi was in that year -for the first time since the Arab conquest in 643 AD- a city mostly Christian. Population of the main urban centers of Italian Libya, according to the Census of 1939/40: "Bengasi italiana" was conquered by the British Army in February 1941, but after only 2 months (when Australian troops harassed the civilian population〔(Australian harassments in 1941 Benghazi (in Italian) )〕) the Italians reconquered the city with the help of Rommel's Afrika Korps. The British definitively occupied the city after the Battle of El Alamein. Benghazi was heavily bombed during World War II (more than one thousand times) and -when the British finally occupied the city in December 1942- nearly 85% of the city was damaged or destroyed. Benghazi was then governed by the British until independence in 1951. Under the terms of the 1947 peace treaty with the Allies, Italy relinquished all claims to Libya.〔( Treaty Of Peace With Italy (1947), Evaluation and Conclusion )〕 After WWII the era of international decolonization fostered an exodus of Italians from Benghazi,〔(Italian exodus from Libya (in Italian) )〕 especially after Libya became independent in 1953. After 1970 the Italian population of the city -reduced to a few hundred inhabitants- practically disappeared when Libyan president Muammar Gaddafi ordered the expulsion of all Italians from his Libya.〔(Gaddafi expulsion of the Italians in 1970 )〕 At present, the Libyan Italians (and the few "Bengasini" still living) are organized in the ''Associazione Italiani Rimpatriati dalla Libia''.〔(Associazione Italiani Rimpatriati dalla Libia )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian Benghazi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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